Research Journal for Societal Issues

From Service Quality to Airline Choice: The Mediating Role of Pricing and the Moderating Role of Passenger Satisfaction

Syeda Rehba Abbas — 2025-09-30

The objectives of the study are to identify the Factors of Airline Selection. Objective of Study: It is also the objective of this study to determine if Passenger Satisfaction acts as a moderator between Pricing and Airline selection. Convenience sampling was applied to achieve the sample. This paper examines the determining factors that influence passengers' levels of satisfaction and their choice of airlines in international air travel, contrasted with a total airline selection at the destination airport. The model also incorporates the relationship between core service dimensions (assurance, customization, available facilities, and employee efforts) and perceived pricing as hypothesised to impact passenger satisfaction, followed by airline choice. The present study also suggests that national identity (as reflected in the airport environmental cues) can moderate the influence of the physical environment on passengers’ emotional responses and coping behavior. The findings enhance the understanding of service process dynamics at airports, and thereby discuss potential actions for airport authorities and airline operators to improve customer service. Practice and limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Determinants of Customer Loyalty among FMCG Consumers in Lahore: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Hafiz Muhammad Fakhar Zaman — 2025-09-30

The transformation in the FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods) sector in Pakistan has been quick with the growth of digital markets, improvement of consumer expectations, and the availability of information. The knowledge of the motivating factors of customer empowerment and loyalty has become vital to the firms that compete in the metropolitan markets like Lahore. This paper examines how the perceived risk, seller reputation, and concern on privacy affect the empowerment of customers and, by extension, customer loyalty in the context of consumer behavior in the FMCG. Based on the empowerment and loyalty theories, the quantitative research design was used and 350 FMCG consumers were sampled in Lahore through purposive sampling. The measure of reliability, validity, and structural relations was assessed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results demonstrate that the reputation of sellers and privacy concern have a significant impact on customer empowerment, whereas perceived risk has a negative impact on the empowerment. Customer loyalty is highly and positively predicted by customer empowerment. The mediation analysis shows that customer empowerment partly mediates the relationships between the seller reputation and loyalty as well as the privacy concern and the loyalty, and completely mediates the relationship between the perceived risk and the loyalty. The model has a high explanatory power (R 2 = 0.64 customer empowerment; R 2 = 0.58 customer loyalty). The research adds to the body of knowledge on FMCG branding by pointing out the issue of consumer empowerment as the key in establishing long-term loyalty. They give practical suggestions that the FMCG marketers can adopt so that they minimize the risks of consumer perceptions, boost the reputation of sellers, and develop trust by having transparent privacy policies.

Effects of Peer Tutoring on Academic Achievement: A Social Constructivist Perspective

Sonam Alnas — 2025-09-30

There is also peer tutoring that involves students teaching other students and peer tutoring has been considered a potent instrument in education. This paper examines how peer tutoring influences academic performance in the context of social constructivism which is a theory proposed by Vygotsky, a theory that places emphasis on the role of social interaction and cooperative learning in cognitive growth. According to social constructivism, knowledge is socially constructed and thus the peer tutoring provides the most suitable learning environment. The article is a literature review of peer tutoring and its results with reference to the relations in the tutor-tutee relationship, the impact of collaboration, and the impact of the social contexts. Through the examination of the results of the peer tutoring on the academic success, this paper presents the advantages of the active involvement, knowledge exchange, and interpersonal communication. Findings have shown peer tutoring to enhance academic performance of tutors and tutees, and enhances better understanding, communication skills and positive learning environment. The article has also ended by commenting on implications of peer tutoring on the educational practice and recommending future research areas.

Pakistan Role in Climate Sustainably and Its Challenges

Waleed Asghar — 2025-09-30

Pakistan is a highly climate-sensitive state in the globe. Although the country is a low emitter of greenhouse gases in the world, it is highly affected by climate change which encompasses extreme flooding, melting of glacial ice, heat waves and stress in agriculture. This paper will discuss the role played by Pakistan in climate sustainability, and focus on both the domestic efforts (mitigation and adaptation) taken in climate sustainability by the country and the challenges within the country. The paper will be based on policy analysis, empirical studies, and recent climatic incidences to demonstrate how the challenges of institutional capacity, financial limitation, fragmentation of governance, and socio-economic inequality impede the sustainability desire in Pakistan. The paper ends by providing strategic suggestions to ramp up climate resilience, improve the green finance processes, and involve communities more in taking action on climate.

Artificial Intelligence and Consumer Behavior: Evidence from the Online Retail Sector in Pakistan

Laiba Kashif — 2025-09-30

AI was positioned to become a disruptive power for the transformation of routine business practices carried out every day in the business and industrialized world. By allowing AI to play a role in business functions, companies can create marketing strategies that are faster, cheaper, and more accurate. The study investigates the purchasing behaviours of AI technology by consumers and how such performance demographics influence the purchasing behaviour. Data was gathered from 314 primary online shoppers in Karachi for this research. This research was analysed by SPSS software with descriptive data, correlation, the reliability tests-Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Studies showed that AI positively influences consumers’ purchasing behaviour. Significant differences in consumer attitude were found between sex and the level of month income group comparisons results. Hypothesis validation. The study findings were validated.